Women and Leadership in Higher Education: Faculty Members’ Voices in Jambi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30631/ijer.v8i3.303Keywords:
Comparative, Gender equity, University leadersAbstract
Gender equity in the higher education context is a crucial issue. This study aims at investigating the issue of women and leadership in higher education. Further, this study explores factors impacting their efforts to take up the administrative positions and become university leaders. In this study, a qualitative design with a case study approach was employed to investigate the research questions. Data were collected through semi-structured in depth-interview with ten faculty members from four higher educational institutions in Jambi Province. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed for coding by using a constant comparative analysis method to identify the key themes. The data highlight the absence of women in higher education management due to personal problems, participation rates are still low and reflect in equalities in terms of women, and the representation of women in senior level position in higher education is still scarce. Majority of participants expressed that they are ready to receive opportunities for administrative positions. Further, the findings of this study also indicate that the opportunity for women to become university leaders is widely opened, but commonly they find various barriers to take up senior leadership. Recommendations to promote the readiness of women to take up senior leadership are discussed.
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References
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Burkinshaw, P. (2015). higher education, leadership and women vice chancellors: fitting in to communities of practice of masculinities. Springer.
Calasanti, T. (2007). Gender Roles. In E. B. Editor-in-Chief: James (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Gerontology (Second Edition) (pp. 592-601). New York: Elsevier.
Callister, P., Newell, J., Perry, M., & Scott, D. (2006). The gendered tertiary education transition: When did it take place and what are some of the possible policy implications?. Policy Quarterly, 2(3), 4-13.
Chliwniak, L. (1997). Higher education leadership: Analyzing the gender gap (ASHE-ERIC higher education report, Vol. 25, No. 4). ERIC Publications. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED410847.
Connell, R. (2002). Gender. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc.
Crawford, I., & Wang, Z. (2015). The impact of individual factors on the academic attainment of Chinese and UK students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 40(5), 902–20.
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Machin, S., & Puhani, P. A. (2003). Subject of degree and the gender wage differential: Evidence from the UK and Germany. Economics Letters, 79(3), 393-400.
Mahapatra, M., & Gupta, S. V. (2013). Women leadership in higher educational management. International Journal on Leadership, 1(1), 30–39. https://www.academia.edu/32698949/Women_Leadership_in_higher_educationaL_management
Manembu, A. E. (2017). Peranan perempuan dalam pembangunan masyarakat desa: Suatu studi di Desa Maumbi Kecamatan Kalawat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Jurnal Politico, 6(1).
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Morley, L. (2014). Lost leaders: Women in the global academy. Higher Education Research and Development, 33(1), 114–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.864611
Morley, L., & Crossouard, B. (2015). Women in higher education leadership in South Asia: Rejection, refusal, reluctance, revi-sioning. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53151
Munfarida, E. (2020). Tafsir Pendidikan Perempuan Menurut Qasim Amin. MAGHZA:Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(2), 242–53.
Niemi, N. S. (2017). Degrees of difference: Women, men, and the value of higher education. Taylor & Francis.
O’Connor, P., Irvine, G. (2020). Multi-level state interventions and gender equality innhigher education institutions: The Irish Case. Administrative Sciences, 10(4), 98.
Pandiangan, D., Lotulung, L. J., Sanggelorang, Y. (2020). Profil gender sumber daya manusia Universitas Sam Ratulangi tahun 2019 berbasis penilaian gender (Gender Assessment). JPAI: Jurnal Perempuan Dan Anak Indonesia, 2(1), 31–42.
Plötz, J. S. (2017). Gender gap developments in tertiary education: A cross-country time-series analysis on European level. Master’s Dissertation, Universidade Católica Portuguesa. UCP Repository. https://repositorio.ucp.pt/handle/10400.14/22361
Ridgeway, C. L. (2001). Gender, status, and leadership. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 637-655.
Ridgeway, C. L. (2009). Framed before we know it. How gender shapes social relation. Gender and Society, 23(2), 145-160.
Riniwati, H. (2016). Manajemen sumberdaya manusia: Aktivitas utama dan pengembangan SDM. Universitas Brawijaya Press.
Shoaib, M., Hazir, U. (2019). “Female and Male Students’ Educational Performance in Tertiary Education in the Punjab Pakistan.” Pakistan Journal of Social Issues, 10:83–100.
Silander., Charlotte., Haake,U., Lindberg, L. (2013). The Different worlds of academia: A horizontal analysis of gender equality in Swedish higher education. Higher Education, 66(2), 73–88.
Sivrikaya., Haktan, A. (2019). The relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement of the students. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 5(2), 309–15.
Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52(6), 613–629. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613.
Strand, V., Dore, M., Slaughter, E., & McKnight, J. (2005). Focus group findings on job satisfaction recommendations for recruitment and retention strategies. Connecticut Department of Children and Families. https://www.childwelfare.gov/ pubP-DFs/fordham2.pdf
Teelken, Christine, & Deem, R. (2013). All Are Equal, but Some Are More Equal than Others: Managerialism and Gender Equality in Higher Education in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Education, 49(4), 520–35.
Tlhoaele, M., Adriaan H., Koos W., & Beetsma. Y. (2014.) The impact of interactive engagement methods on students’ academic achievement. Higher Education Research and Development, 33(5),1020–1034.
UNESCO. (2012). Women in higher education management. Retrieved September 1, 2022 from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0009/000962/ 096239e.pdf
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020a). Global education monitoring report 2020: Gender report, A new generation: 25 years of efforts for gender equality in education. UNESCO: Paris.
United States Department of Education. (2018). The guidance counselor’s role in ensuring equal educational opportunity. Washington, DC, Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights.
Williams, T. M., & Wolniak, G. C. (2021). Unpacking the “Female advantage” in the career and economic impacts of college. In N. S. Niemi & M. B. Weaver-Hightower (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook of Gender Equity in Higher Education (pp. 7-28). John Wiley & Sons.
Alghofaily, L. (2019). Women leadership in higher education in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2),14–32. doi: 10.20472/SS.2019.8.2.002.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Penghitungan indeks ketimpangan gender 2018: Kajian lanjutan 2. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Ballenger, J. (2010). Women’s access to higher education leader-ship: Cultural and structural barriers. Forum on Public Policy Online, (5). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ913023.pdf
Bamji, M. S. (2005). INSA examines Indian Women’s access to and retention in Science. Current Science, 88(9), 1361–1363. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24110692.
Banker, D. V., & Banker, K. (2017). Women in leadership: A scenario in the Indian higher education sector. In P. Bhatt, P. Jaiswal, B. Majumdar, & S. Verma (Eds.), Riding the new tides: Navigating the future through effective people management (pp. 239–251). Emerald Group.
Buchmann, C., & DiPrete, T. A. (2006). The growing female advantage in college completion: The role of family background and academic achievement. American Sociological Review, 71(4), 515-541.
Burkinshaw, P. (2015). higher education, leadership and women vice chancellors: fitting in to communities of practice of masculinities. Springer.
Calasanti, T. (2007). Gender Roles. In E. B. Editor-in-Chief: James (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Gerontology (Second Edition) (pp. 592-601). New York: Elsevier.
Callister, P., Newell, J., Perry, M., & Scott, D. (2006). The gendered tertiary education transition: When did it take place and what are some of the possible policy implications?. Policy Quarterly, 2(3), 4-13.
Chliwniak, L. (1997). Higher education leadership: Analyzing the gender gap (ASHE-ERIC higher education report, Vol. 25, No. 4). ERIC Publications. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED410847.
Connell, R. (2002). Gender. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc.
Crawford, I., & Wang, Z. (2015). The impact of individual factors on the academic attainment of Chinese and UK students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 40(5), 902–20.
Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dhaniarti, I., Wulandari, A., & Setiawan, M. I. (2017). Kajian gender leadership and inequality pada perguruan tinggi Di Indonesia.Jurnal Darussalam: Jurnal Pendidikan, Komunikasi Dan Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 8(2), 236–47.
DiPrete, T. A., & Buchmann, C. (2013). The rise of women: The growing gender gap in education and what it means for American schools. Russell Sage Foundation.
Drury, M. (2010). You gotta be determined to get in there: Voices of women higher education technology leaders. Journal of Women in Educational Leadership, 8(2), 59–80. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/322975052.pdf
Faizah, E.M. (2013). Manajemen kepemimpinan di perguruan tinggi Islam. El-Wasathiya: Jurnal Studi Agama, 1(2).
García-Aracil, A. (2008). College major and the gender earnings gap: A multi-country examination of postgraduate labour market outcomes. Research in Higher Education, 49(8), 733-757.
Glaser, B. D. & Strauss. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
Green, E., Moore, J., Easton, H., & Heggi, J. (2004). Barriers to women’s employment and progression in the labour market in the North East of England. Centre for Social and Policy Research, University of Teesside. https://www.tees.ac.uk/docs/DocRepo/Social%20Futures%20Institute/Barriers%20to%20Women.pdf
Hughes, C. (2016). Understanding prejudice and education: The challenge for future generations.Taylor & Francis.
Indonesia tahun 2019. Jakarta: Kepala Pusat Data dan Informasi Iptek Dikti.
Ismail, A. (2020). Gambaran karakteristik mahasiswa dan alumni farmasi FKIK UIN Alauddin Makassar: Sebuah tinjauan berbasis gender. Jurnal Sipakalebbi, 4(1):275– 88.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan Anak. (2019). Pembangunan manusia berbasis gender. Jakarta: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak.
Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi. (2019). Statistik pendidikan tinggi
Kurup, A., Maithreyi, R., Kantharaju, B., & Godbole, R. (2010). Trained scientific women power: How much are we losing and why?. IAS–NIAS Research Report. http://eprints.nias.res. in/142/1/IAS-NIAS-Report.pdf
Machin, S., & Puhani, P. A. (2003). Subject of degree and the gender wage differential: Evidence from the UK and Germany. Economics Letters, 79(3), 393-400.
Mahapatra, M., & Gupta, S. V. (2013). Women leadership in higher educational management. International Journal on Leadership, 1(1), 30–39. https://www.academia.edu/32698949/Women_Leadership_in_higher_educationaL_management
Manembu, A. E. (2017). Peranan perempuan dalam pembangunan masyarakat desa: Suatu studi di Desa Maumbi Kecamatan Kalawat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Jurnal Politico, 6(1).
Mishra, A. (2013). Women struggle against institutional structures, entrenched attitudes University World News. http://www.uni-versityworldnews.com/ article.php?story=2013013017511324
Morley, L. (2013). The rules of the game: Women and the leaders turn in higher education. Gender and Education, 25(1),116–31.
Morley, L. (2014). Lost leaders: Women in the global academy. Higher Education Research and Development, 33(1), 114–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.864611
Morley, L., & Crossouard, B. (2015). Women in higher education leadership in South Asia: Rejection, refusal, reluctance, revi-sioning. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53151
Munfarida, E. (2020). Tafsir Pendidikan Perempuan Menurut Qasim Amin. MAGHZA:Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 5(2), 242–53.
Niemi, N. S. (2017). Degrees of difference: Women, men, and the value of higher education. Taylor & Francis.
O’Connor, P., Irvine, G. (2020). Multi-level state interventions and gender equality innhigher education institutions: The Irish Case. Administrative Sciences, 10(4), 98.
Pandiangan, D., Lotulung, L. J., Sanggelorang, Y. (2020). Profil gender sumber daya manusia Universitas Sam Ratulangi tahun 2019 berbasis penilaian gender (Gender Assessment). JPAI: Jurnal Perempuan Dan Anak Indonesia, 2(1), 31–42.
Plötz, J. S. (2017). Gender gap developments in tertiary education: A cross-country time-series analysis on European level. Master’s Dissertation, Universidade Católica Portuguesa. UCP Repository. https://repositorio.ucp.pt/handle/10400.14/22361
Ridgeway, C. L. (2001). Gender, status, and leadership. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 637-655.
Ridgeway, C. L. (2009). Framed before we know it. How gender shapes social relation. Gender and Society, 23(2), 145-160.
Riniwati, H. (2016). Manajemen sumberdaya manusia: Aktivitas utama dan pengembangan SDM. Universitas Brawijaya Press.
Shoaib, M., Hazir, U. (2019). “Female and Male Students’ Educational Performance in Tertiary Education in the Punjab Pakistan.” Pakistan Journal of Social Issues, 10:83–100.
Silander., Charlotte., Haake,U., Lindberg, L. (2013). The Different worlds of academia: A horizontal analysis of gender equality in Swedish higher education. Higher Education, 66(2), 73–88.
Sivrikaya., Haktan, A. (2019). The relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement of the students. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 5(2), 309–15.
Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52(6), 613–629. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613.
Strand, V., Dore, M., Slaughter, E., & McKnight, J. (2005). Focus group findings on job satisfaction recommendations for recruitment and retention strategies. Connecticut Department of Children and Families. https://www.childwelfare.gov/ pubP-DFs/fordham2.pdf
Teelken, Christine, & Deem, R. (2013). All Are Equal, but Some Are More Equal than Others: Managerialism and Gender Equality in Higher Education in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Education, 49(4), 520–35.
Tlhoaele, M., Adriaan H., Koos W., & Beetsma. Y. (2014.) The impact of interactive engagement methods on students’ academic achievement. Higher Education Research and Development, 33(5),1020–1034.
UNESCO. (2012). Women in higher education management. Retrieved September 1, 2022 from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0009/000962/ 096239e.pdf
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020a). Global education monitoring report 2020: Gender report, A new generation: 25 years of efforts for gender equality in education. UNESCO: Paris.
United States Department of Education. (2018). The guidance counselor’s role in ensuring equal educational opportunity. Washington, DC, Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights.
Williams, T. M., & Wolniak, G. C. (2021). Unpacking the “Female advantage” in the career and economic impacts of college. In N. S. Niemi & M. B. Weaver-Hightower (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook of Gender Equity in Higher Education (pp. 7-28). John Wiley & Sons.
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Published
2024-02-13
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