Generating Competency-Based Curriculum Conceptual Framework for Nigerian Secondary Schools
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Abstract
Abstract
One of the most trending issues of national concern in Nigeria was the revelation by the Vice President of the country, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo that the Federal Government was redesigning school curriculum. He made this statement in the 23rd Convocation Lecture of the Lagos State University on Thursday 16th May, 2019. The details provided by the him concerning the imminent redesigning of the school curriculum arguably suggests a misdirection of education. A deep sense of concern about the implication of a possible misdirection of education in the country with its attendant retrogression and non-attainment of developmental goals constitutes the rationale for a systematic engagement with the official statement. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the curriculum reforms component of the Convocation Lecture and provide some professional ingredients that were missing therein. The essense is to support the educational enrichment interventions of the Government with appropriate ingredients. In specific terms, the paper seeks to examine the state of secondary education with regard to skills and competencies, assess implication of the Vice President’s oronouncement on imminent school curriculum reform, and formulate a competency-based conceptual framework for secondary schools in the country. Grounded in the philosophical and sociological foundations of education, the paper employs a combination of the philosophical method, observation method, curriculum criticism, document analysis and creative synthesis. Its contribution to scholarship lies in its contextualization of competency-based curriculum conceptual framework designing into the Nigerian context, based on both national and regional peculiarities of the country.
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References
References
Adeniran, A., Onyekwena, C., Onubedo, G., Ishaku, J. & Ekeruche, A. (2020). Is Nigeria on
Track to achieving quality education for all? Drivers and implications. Southern Voice
Occasional Papers Series 60. Dhaka, Southern Voice.
Abdallah, T.U. & Muhammad, L. (2015) Competency-Based Learning and the Futyre of
Nigerian Colleges of Education: A Recipe Vocational and Technical Aptitude.
International Journal of Business Administration and Management Research. 1 (1) 17-
21.
AbdaIslam, A. (2014). Qualitative Methods in Higher Education Policy Analysis: Using
Interviews and Document Analysis. The Qualitative Report. 19 (52) 1-19.
Abdulkarim, N.B. (2018). Falling Standard of Education in Nigeria: Who is to Be Blame? Ezine
Articles.
Abdulyassar, A. (2018). Nigeria’s Falling Standard of Education and the Way Forward. Online
Opinion.
Adler, P.A. & Adler, P. (1994). Observation techniques, In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.),
Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 377-392), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Afzal, M. (2014). A Failed Curriculum Reform Brookings Institute. Doha.
Aghedo, I. & Eke, S.J. (2013). From Alms to Arms: The Almajiri Phenomenon and Internal
Security in Northern Nigeria. The Korean Journal of Policy Studies. 28 (3). 97-123.
Akala, B.M. (2021). Revisiting education reform in Kenya: A case of Competency-Based
Curriculum. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 3 (1) 2590-2911.
Allan, P. (1997). Designing a School Curriculum, Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Amutabi, M. (2021). Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) and the end of an Era in
Kenya’s Education Sector and Implications for Development: Some Emperical
Reflections. Journal of Popular Music Education 3 (10) 45-66.
Baba, N. M. (2006). The Paradox of Educational Diarchy: Qur’anic Schools and the Delivery of
Basic Education in Northern Nigeria. Sokoto Educational Review. 8 (1) 75-89.
Baba, N. M. (2007). Exploring Open and Distance Learning in Meeting the Learning Needs of
Almajirai of Northern Nigeria. Qur’an Education System and Practice.
Baba, N. M. (2008). Practices of the regular School System that Exlusive Almajirai from the
Benefits of Basic Education. Nigerian Journal of Teacher Education and Teaching. 4 (2)
46-54.
Baker, L.M. (2006) Observation: A Complex Method. Library Trends, 55 (1) 171-189.
Bamigbade, W.A. (2020). Nigeria’s 2019 Electioneering Discourse. Journal of Arts and
Humanities 14 (1) 56-72.
Bowen, G.A. (2009). Document Analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research
Journal 9 (2) 27-40.
Camphell, J. (2021). Council of Foreign Relations: Nigerian Security Tracker.
Channels Television (2017). Commission Empowers Ile-Ife Communal Clash Victims. March 8,
2017.
Chenagosi, M.J. (2020). Teachers Preparedness on Implementation of Competence Based
Curriculum in Lower Public Primary Schools in Kilifi and Nandi Counties, Kenya,
International Journal of Scientific Research and Managemenmt. 8 (4) 1292-1303.
Chinelo, D.D. (2011). Falling Standard of Education in Nigeria. AN Emperical Evidence in
Delta State of Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Research. 8 (3) 1-12.
Collins, C. (2018). Overemphasis on Certificates than Competence: An Indicator of Failed
Educational Standard in Nigeria. Intermational Journal of Education and Evaluation. 4
(9) 28-36.
Conant, J. (1963). The education of American teachers. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Edinyang, S.D., Bassey, M.R., & Ushie, D.E. (2020). Journal of Educational and Social
Research. 10 (2) 103-111
.
Eisner, E. W. (2017). The enlightened eye: Qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of
educational practice. Columbia: Teachers College Press.
Ezeaku, L.C. (2021). Education in Nigeria: Its Functional and Dysfunctional Roles. Education 7 (4) 50-78.
FloodList (2021). Nigeria Floods.
Grace, K. Y. (2018). Tackling Nigeria’s Falling Standard of Education. Blueprint Online.
Guardian (2019). Before the Federal Government misdirects education again – Part 4. June 6, 2019.
Hamisu, M.A., Salleh, K.M., Sern, L.C.,Adamu, B.Y. & Gambo, K. (2017). Proposed Competency Model for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Lecturers Teaching in Techbical Colleges, Bauchi State in Perspective. Path of Science. 3 (9) 5001-5009.
Harding, S. (1992). Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What is ‘Strong Objectivity?’ The Centennial Review 36 (3) 437-470.
Hawes, J. (1991). The Children’s Rights Movement: A History of Advocacy and Protection. New York: UNICEF.
Higgs, P. (1994a). Towards a Paradigm Shift in Fundamental Pedagogies. South African
Journal of Education. 14 (1) 13-21.
Higgs, P. (1994b). Towards a New Theoretical Discourse in South African Education.
Perspectives in Education. 15 (2) 299-312.
Higgs, P. (1997). Curriculum Design and Implementation for Courses in Philosophy of
Education at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate Levels. Centre for Scientific
Development. Pp. 1-36.
Higgs, P. (1999). Philosophy of Education in South Africa: A Revision. Studies in
Philosophy and Education. 17:1 16.
Hoechner, H. (2012). Striving for Knowledge and Dignity: How Qur’anic Students in Kano,
Nigeria, Learn to Live with Rejection and Educational Disadvantage” European
Journal of Development Research 23 (5) 712-728.
Hoechner, H. (2016). Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria: Everyday Experience of Youth,
Faith and Poverty. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Ja’far, A.A. (2008). The Almajiri System of Education and the Vision 2020. Farfaru Journal of
Multi-Disciplinary Studies.
Jorgensen, E.R. (2006). On Philosophical Method. Oxford: University Press.
Khalid, I. (2002). Nigeria’s Educational Crisis: The Almajiri System and Social Realities.
Islamic Culture. LXXV (3) July.
Kliebard, H.M. (1992). Forging the American Curriculum.New York. Routledge.
Laberee, D. (1992), Teacher Education. New York: Heritage.
Lai, C.S., Hamisu, M.A,M & Salleh, K.M. (2019). Development of Competency Gramework for
Nigerian TVET Teachers in Tertiary TVET Institutions. Journal of Technical Education
and Training. 11 (1) 011-018.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
McCormick, R. & James, M. (1990). Curriculum evaluation in schools. (London:
Routledge).
Medina-Minton, N. (2019). Are Children an Oppressed Group? Positing a Child Standpoint Theory. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 36, 439-447.
Muhammad, I.S. (2010). Towards Reforming Almajiri Qur’anic School System of Education in
System. Seminar paper. NAPS-RELGS, FCT College of Education, Zuna, Abuja.
Murphy, T. (2007). Jack Mezirow and perspective transformation: Toward an understanding of
Irish educational policy within a European framework. Policy Futures in Education. 5
(4) 491-496.
Nkoane, M. (2002). “Constructing Knowledge through Learner-centered Approach.”
Study: presented at University of Witwaterstand. Johannesburg South Africa.
Okonkwo, H.I. & Alhaji, I.M. (2014). Contemporary Issues in Nomadic, Minority and Almajiri
Education: Problems and Prospects. Journal of Education and Practice. 5 (24) 57-66.
Olaniran, S. O. (2018). Almajiri Education: Policy and Practice to meet the Learning Needs of
the Nomadic Education in Nigeria. International Review of Education: Journal of
Lifelong Learning 5 (6) 6 (4) 41-59).
O’Leary, Z. (2014). The essential guide to doing your research project (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Ornstein, A.C. & Hunkins, F. P. (2004). Curriculum: Foundations, Principles and Issues.
New York: Reason Education.
Osinbajo, Y. (2019). Africa Centres of Excellence in African Universities: A Veritable
Catalyst for Nationbuilding and Development. 23rd Convocation Lecture of the
Lagos State University, Ojo. Lagos State.
Punch (2021). Porous Borders: Nigeria’s Endless Security Dilemma. March 28, 2021.
Pearsall,M. (1970). Participant Observation as a role and method in behavioural research. In W.J.
Filstead (Ed.), Qualitative methodology: Firsthand involvement with the social world
(pp. 340-352). Chicago: Markham.
Powell, R.R.& Connaway, L.S. (2004). Basic research methods for librarians (4th ed.) Westport,
CT: Libraries Unlimited.
Premium Times (2018). Nigeria’s education policy outdated, archaic – El-Rufai. May 1, 2018.
Ross, A. (2000). Curriculum construction and critique.London: Falmer Press.
Rufai, S. (2010). “Core Principles of an Innovative Teacher Education Curriculum Model:
Implications for Teacher Education Programmes in the Muslim World.”
Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, IIUM.
Rufai, S. (2012). “Proposing an Islamic Based Alternative to Dominant Western and
Dominant Islamic Teacher Education Curriculum Model.” Asean Journal of
Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 4 ( 1) 44-60.
Rufai, S.A. (2021). Educing Emotional Trajectories from the Curriculum-Pedagogy of COVID-
19 in Nigerian Schools, UNILAG Journal of Curriculum and Instruction. (In-press).
Sahara Reporters (2016). Niger Delta Militant Group Surrender Weapons to Demonstrate
Acceptance. November 9, 2016.
Sahara Reporters (2021). Boko Haram Terrorists Have Moved to Kaduna. September 14, 2021.
Samuel, M. (2002). “Working in the Rain: Pressures and Priorities for Teacher Education
Curriculum Design in South Africa: A Case Study of the University of Durban-
Westville.” International Journal of Educational Development. 22: 397-410.
Saylor J. G., Alexander, W., M., & Lewis, A. J. (1981). Curriculum Planning for Better
Teaching and Learning. 4th edition. New York: Holt.
Solak, E. & Erdem, G. (2016). Teaching Listening Skills. In E. Solak (Ed.) Teaching Language
Skills for Prospective English Teachers. Ankara: GENEL DAGITIM.
Taba, H. (1962). Curriculum development: theory and practice. New York:Harcourt, Brace
& World Inc.
Tajikistan Education Sector Analysis. UNESCO, 2019. Draft
Tajikistan: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan of the Medium-Term Education Action Plan 2018-
2020.
Tom, A. (1997). Redesigning Teacher Education. New York: State University of New York
Press.
Tribune (2017). Ajimobi advocates curriculum redesign for entrepreneurship driven
Graduates, November 3, 2017.
Tyler, R. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago& London:The
University of Chicago Press.
UNESCO. (2017.) Accoutability in education: Meeting our commitments (Global Education
Mobitoring Report 2017/18). Paris. UNESCO.
Vanguard (2019). Container Full of Firearms Intercepted. May 21, 2019.
Williamson, K. (2000). Research methods for Students and Professionals: Information
Management and Systems. Wagga Wagga, NSW: Charles Sturt University Centre for
Information Studies.
Adeniran, A., Onyekwena, C., Onubedo, G., Ishaku, J. & Ekeruche, A. (2020). Is Nigeria on
Track to achieving quality education for all? Drivers and implications. Southern Voice
Occasional Papers Series 60. Dhaka, Southern Voice.
Abdallah, T.U. & Muhammad, L. (2015) Competency-Based Learning and the Futyre of
Nigerian Colleges of Education: A Recipe Vocational and Technical Aptitude.
International Journal of Business Administration and Management Research. 1 (1) 17-
21.
AbdaIslam, A. (2014). Qualitative Methods in Higher Education Policy Analysis: Using
Interviews and Document Analysis. The Qualitative Report. 19 (52) 1-19.
Abdulkarim, N.B. (2018). Falling Standard of Education in Nigeria: Who is to Be Blame? Ezine
Articles.
Abdulyassar, A. (2018). Nigeria’s Falling Standard of Education and the Way Forward. Online
Opinion.
Adler, P.A. & Adler, P. (1994). Observation techniques, In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.),
Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 377-392), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Afzal, M. (2014). A Failed Curriculum Reform Brookings Institute. Doha.
Aghedo, I. & Eke, S.J. (2013). From Alms to Arms: The Almajiri Phenomenon and Internal
Security in Northern Nigeria. The Korean Journal of Policy Studies. 28 (3). 97-123.
Akala, B.M. (2021). Revisiting education reform in Kenya: A case of Competency-Based
Curriculum. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 3 (1) 2590-2911.
Allan, P. (1997). Designing a School Curriculum, Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Amutabi, M. (2021). Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) and the end of an Era in
Kenya’s Education Sector and Implications for Development: Some Emperical
Reflections. Journal of Popular Music Education 3 (10) 45-66.
Baba, N. M. (2006). The Paradox of Educational Diarchy: Qur’anic Schools and the Delivery of
Basic Education in Northern Nigeria. Sokoto Educational Review. 8 (1) 75-89.
Baba, N. M. (2007). Exploring Open and Distance Learning in Meeting the Learning Needs of
Almajirai of Northern Nigeria. Qur’an Education System and Practice.
Baba, N. M. (2008). Practices of the regular School System that Exlusive Almajirai from the
Benefits of Basic Education. Nigerian Journal of Teacher Education and Teaching. 4 (2)
46-54.
Baker, L.M. (2006) Observation: A Complex Method. Library Trends, 55 (1) 171-189.
Bamigbade, W.A. (2020). Nigeria’s 2019 Electioneering Discourse. Journal of Arts and
Humanities 14 (1) 56-72.
Bowen, G.A. (2009). Document Analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research
Journal 9 (2) 27-40.
Camphell, J. (2021). Council of Foreign Relations: Nigerian Security Tracker.
Channels Television (2017). Commission Empowers Ile-Ife Communal Clash Victims. March 8,
2017.
Chenagosi, M.J. (2020). Teachers Preparedness on Implementation of Competence Based
Curriculum in Lower Public Primary Schools in Kilifi and Nandi Counties, Kenya,
International Journal of Scientific Research and Managemenmt. 8 (4) 1292-1303.
Chinelo, D.D. (2011). Falling Standard of Education in Nigeria. AN Emperical Evidence in
Delta State of Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Research. 8 (3) 1-12.
Collins, C. (2018). Overemphasis on Certificates than Competence: An Indicator of Failed
Educational Standard in Nigeria. Intermational Journal of Education and Evaluation. 4
(9) 28-36.
Conant, J. (1963). The education of American teachers. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Edinyang, S.D., Bassey, M.R., & Ushie, D.E. (2020). Journal of Educational and Social
Research. 10 (2) 103-111
.
Eisner, E. W. (2017). The enlightened eye: Qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of
educational practice. Columbia: Teachers College Press.
Ezeaku, L.C. (2021). Education in Nigeria: Its Functional and Dysfunctional Roles. Education 7 (4) 50-78.
FloodList (2021). Nigeria Floods.
Grace, K. Y. (2018). Tackling Nigeria’s Falling Standard of Education. Blueprint Online.
Guardian (2019). Before the Federal Government misdirects education again – Part 4. June 6, 2019.
Hamisu, M.A., Salleh, K.M., Sern, L.C.,Adamu, B.Y. & Gambo, K. (2017). Proposed Competency Model for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Lecturers Teaching in Techbical Colleges, Bauchi State in Perspective. Path of Science. 3 (9) 5001-5009.
Harding, S. (1992). Rethinking Standpoint Epistemology: What is ‘Strong Objectivity?’ The Centennial Review 36 (3) 437-470.
Hawes, J. (1991). The Children’s Rights Movement: A History of Advocacy and Protection. New York: UNICEF.
Higgs, P. (1994a). Towards a Paradigm Shift in Fundamental Pedagogies. South African
Journal of Education. 14 (1) 13-21.
Higgs, P. (1994b). Towards a New Theoretical Discourse in South African Education.
Perspectives in Education. 15 (2) 299-312.
Higgs, P. (1997). Curriculum Design and Implementation for Courses in Philosophy of
Education at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate Levels. Centre for Scientific
Development. Pp. 1-36.
Higgs, P. (1999). Philosophy of Education in South Africa: A Revision. Studies in
Philosophy and Education. 17:1 16.
Hoechner, H. (2012). Striving for Knowledge and Dignity: How Qur’anic Students in Kano,
Nigeria, Learn to Live with Rejection and Educational Disadvantage” European
Journal of Development Research 23 (5) 712-728.
Hoechner, H. (2016). Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria: Everyday Experience of Youth,
Faith and Poverty. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Ja’far, A.A. (2008). The Almajiri System of Education and the Vision 2020. Farfaru Journal of
Multi-Disciplinary Studies.
Jorgensen, E.R. (2006). On Philosophical Method. Oxford: University Press.
Khalid, I. (2002). Nigeria’s Educational Crisis: The Almajiri System and Social Realities.
Islamic Culture. LXXV (3) July.
Kliebard, H.M. (1992). Forging the American Curriculum.New York. Routledge.
Laberee, D. (1992), Teacher Education. New York: Heritage.
Lai, C.S., Hamisu, M.A,M & Salleh, K.M. (2019). Development of Competency Gramework for
Nigerian TVET Teachers in Tertiary TVET Institutions. Journal of Technical Education
and Training. 11 (1) 011-018.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
McCormick, R. & James, M. (1990). Curriculum evaluation in schools. (London:
Routledge).
Medina-Minton, N. (2019). Are Children an Oppressed Group? Positing a Child Standpoint Theory. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 36, 439-447.
Muhammad, I.S. (2010). Towards Reforming Almajiri Qur’anic School System of Education in
System. Seminar paper. NAPS-RELGS, FCT College of Education, Zuna, Abuja.
Murphy, T. (2007). Jack Mezirow and perspective transformation: Toward an understanding of
Irish educational policy within a European framework. Policy Futures in Education. 5
(4) 491-496.
Nkoane, M. (2002). “Constructing Knowledge through Learner-centered Approach.”
Study: presented at University of Witwaterstand. Johannesburg South Africa.
Okonkwo, H.I. & Alhaji, I.M. (2014). Contemporary Issues in Nomadic, Minority and Almajiri
Education: Problems and Prospects. Journal of Education and Practice. 5 (24) 57-66.
Olaniran, S. O. (2018). Almajiri Education: Policy and Practice to meet the Learning Needs of
the Nomadic Education in Nigeria. International Review of Education: Journal of
Lifelong Learning 5 (6) 6 (4) 41-59).
O’Leary, Z. (2014). The essential guide to doing your research project (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Ornstein, A.C. & Hunkins, F. P. (2004). Curriculum: Foundations, Principles and Issues.
New York: Reason Education.
Osinbajo, Y. (2019). Africa Centres of Excellence in African Universities: A Veritable
Catalyst for Nationbuilding and Development. 23rd Convocation Lecture of the
Lagos State University, Ojo. Lagos State.
Punch (2021). Porous Borders: Nigeria’s Endless Security Dilemma. March 28, 2021.
Pearsall,M. (1970). Participant Observation as a role and method in behavioural research. In W.J.
Filstead (Ed.), Qualitative methodology: Firsthand involvement with the social world
(pp. 340-352). Chicago: Markham.
Powell, R.R.& Connaway, L.S. (2004). Basic research methods for librarians (4th ed.) Westport,
CT: Libraries Unlimited.
Premium Times (2018). Nigeria’s education policy outdated, archaic – El-Rufai. May 1, 2018.
Ross, A. (2000). Curriculum construction and critique.London: Falmer Press.
Rufai, S. (2010). “Core Principles of an Innovative Teacher Education Curriculum Model:
Implications for Teacher Education Programmes in the Muslim World.”
Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, IIUM.
Rufai, S. (2012). “Proposing an Islamic Based Alternative to Dominant Western and
Dominant Islamic Teacher Education Curriculum Model.” Asean Journal of
Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 4 ( 1) 44-60.
Rufai, S.A. (2021). Educing Emotional Trajectories from the Curriculum-Pedagogy of COVID-
19 in Nigerian Schools, UNILAG Journal of Curriculum and Instruction. (In-press).
Sahara Reporters (2016). Niger Delta Militant Group Surrender Weapons to Demonstrate
Acceptance. November 9, 2016.
Sahara Reporters (2021). Boko Haram Terrorists Have Moved to Kaduna. September 14, 2021.
Samuel, M. (2002). “Working in the Rain: Pressures and Priorities for Teacher Education
Curriculum Design in South Africa: A Case Study of the University of Durban-
Westville.” International Journal of Educational Development. 22: 397-410.
Saylor J. G., Alexander, W., M., & Lewis, A. J. (1981). Curriculum Planning for Better
Teaching and Learning. 4th edition. New York: Holt.
Solak, E. & Erdem, G. (2016). Teaching Listening Skills. In E. Solak (Ed.) Teaching Language
Skills for Prospective English Teachers. Ankara: GENEL DAGITIM.
Taba, H. (1962). Curriculum development: theory and practice. New York:Harcourt, Brace
& World Inc.
Tajikistan Education Sector Analysis. UNESCO, 2019. Draft
Tajikistan: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan of the Medium-Term Education Action Plan 2018-
2020.
Tom, A. (1997). Redesigning Teacher Education. New York: State University of New York
Press.
Tribune (2017). Ajimobi advocates curriculum redesign for entrepreneurship driven
Graduates, November 3, 2017.
Tyler, R. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago& London:The
University of Chicago Press.
UNESCO. (2017.) Accoutability in education: Meeting our commitments (Global Education
Mobitoring Report 2017/18). Paris. UNESCO.
Vanguard (2019). Container Full of Firearms Intercepted. May 21, 2019.
Williamson, K. (2000). Research methods for Students and Professionals: Information
Management and Systems. Wagga Wagga, NSW: Charles Sturt University Centre for
Information Studies.